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Psychedelics: Difference between revisions
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The most commonly used psychedelics, [[Psilocybin]], DMT and LSD have a very similar effect<ref>'''Effects of Naturalistic Psychedelic Use on Depression, Anxiety, and Well-Being''': Associations With Patterns of Use, Reported Harms, and Transformative Mental States. Front. Psychiatry, 15 March 2022. Sec. Psychopharmacology. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.831092</nowiki></ref><ref name=":0">'''Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects.''' Holze, F., Ley, L., Müller, F. ''et al.'' ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' 47, 1180–1187 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01297-2</nowiki></ref><ref>'''Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences.''' Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Hurwitz E, Griffiths RR. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Feb;235(2):521-534. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PMID: 29116367; PMCID: PMC6645364.</ref><ref>'''Comparison of the Reactions Induced by Psilocybin and LSD-25 in Man'''. From the National Institute of Mental Health, Addiction Research Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Lexington, Kentucky by HARRIS ISBELL 1959</ref> whilst dissociative psychedelics like [[ketamine]] have a more of an [[Out of Body Experiences|Out of Body Experience]] effect. This is backed up by recent, real world evidence analysis of 2947 publicly available, [https://www.erowid.org/ erowid.org] trip reports which concluded: | The most commonly used psychedelics, [[Psilocybin]], DMT and LSD have a very similar effect<ref>'''Effects of Naturalistic Psychedelic Use on Depression, Anxiety, and Well-Being''': Associations With Patterns of Use, Reported Harms, and Transformative Mental States. Front. Psychiatry, 15 March 2022. Sec. Psychopharmacology. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.831092</nowiki></ref><ref name=":0">'''Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects.''' Holze, F., Ley, L., Müller, F. ''et al.'' ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' 47, 1180–1187 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01297-2</nowiki></ref><ref>'''Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences.''' Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Hurwitz E, Griffiths RR. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Feb;235(2):521-534. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PMID: 29116367; PMCID: PMC6645364.</ref><ref>'''Comparison of the Reactions Induced by Psilocybin and LSD-25 in Man'''. From the National Institute of Mental Health, Addiction Research Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Lexington, Kentucky by HARRIS ISBELL 1959</ref> whilst dissociative psychedelics like [[ketamine]] have a more of an [[Out of Body Experiences|Out of Body Experience]] effect. This is backed up by recent, real world evidence analysis of 2947 publicly available, [https://www.erowid.org/ erowid.org] trip reports which concluded: | ||
''"MDMA experience reports featured an emotionally intensifying profile accompanied by many cognitive process words and dynamic-personal language. In contrast, Ayahuasca and DMT experience reports involved relatively little emotional language, few cognitive process words, increased analytical thinking-associated language, and the most semantic similarity with psychedelic and mystical experience descriptions<ref>'''Analysis of recreational psychedelic substance use experiences classified by substance.''' Adrian Hase, Max Erdmann, Verena Limbach & Gregor Hasler Psychopharmacology volume 239, pages643–659 (2022) Altmetric Metrics https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-022-06062-3</ref>. LSD, psilocybin mushroom, and ketamine reports showed only small differences on the emotion-, analytical thinking-, psychedelic, and mystical experience-related language outcomes. Further research has concluded: “Both doses of LSD and the high dose of psilocybin produced qualitatively and quantitatively very similar subjective effects, indicating that alterations of mind that are induced by LSD and psilocybin do not differ beyond the effect duration”<ref name=":0" />.'' | ''"[[MDMA]] experience reports featured an emotionally intensifying profile accompanied by many cognitive process words and dynamic-personal language. In contrast, Ayahuasca and DMT experience reports involved relatively little emotional language, few cognitive process words, increased analytical thinking-associated language, and the most semantic similarity with psychedelic and mystical experience descriptions<ref>'''Analysis of recreational psychedelic substance use experiences classified by substance.''' Adrian Hase, Max Erdmann, Verena Limbach & Gregor Hasler Psychopharmacology volume 239, pages643–659 (2022) Altmetric Metrics https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-022-06062-3</ref>. LSD, psilocybin mushroom, and ketamine reports showed only small differences on the emotion-, analytical thinking-, psychedelic, and mystical experience-related language outcomes. Further research has concluded: “Both doses of LSD and the high dose of psilocybin produced qualitatively and quantitatively very similar subjective effects, indicating that alterations of mind that are induced by LSD and psilocybin do not differ beyond the effect duration”<ref name=":0" />.'' | ||
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Psychedelic therapy is not for everyone. There is a category of patients that have specific conditions or are taking specific medicines that should be [[Psychedelic Therapy Exclusion Categories|excluded from psychedelic therapy]]: | Psychedelic therapy is not for everyone. There is a category of patients that have specific conditions or are taking specific medicines that should be [[Psychedelic Therapy Exclusion Categories|excluded from psychedelic therapy]]: | ||
* People taking '''SSRIs''': citalopram (Cipramil), dapoxetine (Priligy)<nowiki/>, escitalopram (Cipralex), fluoxetine (Prozac or Oxactin) may experience [[SSRI and psychedelics|serotonin syndrome]], this is more pronounced in those taking MDMA; | * People taking '''SSRIs''': citalopram (Cipramil), dapoxetine (Priligy)<nowiki/>, escitalopram (Cipralex), fluoxetine (Prozac or Oxactin) may experience [[SSRI and psychedelics|serotonin syndrome]], this is more pronounced in those taking [[MDMA]]; | ||
* People taking '''olanzapine''' (an atypical antipsychotic) as there is some evidence to suggest it can [[Trip Terminator|''terminate'' a trip]]<ref>'''Olanzapine as the ideal “trip terminator”?''' Giuseppe Valeriani, Ornella Corazza, Francesco Saverio Bersani. First published: 28 July 2015 <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2431</nowiki>. Accessed via: <nowiki>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.2431</nowiki></ref>; | * People taking '''olanzapine''' (an atypical antipsychotic) as there is some evidence to suggest it can [[Trip Terminator|''terminate'' a trip]]<ref>'''Olanzapine as the ideal “trip terminator”?''' Giuseppe Valeriani, Ornella Corazza, Francesco Saverio Bersani. First published: 28 July 2015 <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.2431</nowiki>. Accessed via: <nowiki>https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hup.2431</nowiki></ref>; | ||
* Presence of high degrees of '''[[Psychedelic Anxiety Syndrome|Psychedelic Anxiety Syndrome;]]''' | * Presence of high degrees of '''[[Psychedelic Anxiety Syndrome|Psychedelic Anxiety Syndrome;]]''' | ||