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Cognitive Biases: Difference between revisions
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== Types of Cognitive Bias == | == Types of Cognitive Bias == | ||
There are a wide range of cognitive biases which can be classified by how they are driven, for instance egoic bias are caused by the strong pull of the [[ego]] not wanting to be proven wrong. Whereas social biases occur when the pull of the group influence how we think. | There are a wide range of cognitive biases which can be classified by how they are driven, for instance egoic bias are caused by the strong pull of the [[ego]] not wanting to be proven wrong. Whereas social biases occur when the pull of the group influence how we think. | ||
=== Learning Cognitive Biases === | |||
* [[Confirmation Bias|'''Confirmation bias''']] - refers to the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses, while disregarding or downplaying information that contradicts those beliefs or hypotheses. It can lead people to form inaccurate judgments and gain confidence to make flawed decisions as they may only consider information that supports their existing views and ignore important evidence to the contrary. | |||
*[[Authority Bias|'''Authority Bias''']] - the tendency to attribute greater accuracy to the opinion of an authority figure and be more influenced by that opinion. Social pressure can cause individuals to align their beliefs with those of an authority figure, even when those beliefs are incorrect. | |||
* '''[[Bandwagon Effect]]''' (aka ''Groupthink'' or ''conformity bias'') - occurs within a group of people, in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. | |||
=== Egoic Cognitive Biases === | === Egoic Cognitive Biases === | ||
These are cognitive biases which are all based around maintaining the [[ego]]'s inflated sense of self: | These are cognitive biases which are all based around maintaining the [[ego]]'s inflated sense of self: | ||
* '''[[Self-serving bias|Self-serving Bias]]''' - the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors while blaming external factors for one's failures. | * '''[[Self-serving bias|Self-serving Bias]]''' - the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors while blaming external factors for one's failures. | ||
* [[Fundamental attribution error|'''Fundamental attribution error''']] - an individual's tendency to attribute another's actions to their character or personality while attributing their behaviour to external situational factors outside of their control. | * [[Fundamental attribution error|'''Fundamental attribution error''']] - an individual's tendency to attribute another's actions to their character or personality while attributing their behaviour to external situational factors outside of their control. | ||
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*'''[[Sunk Cost Fallacy]]''' - the ego does not like to be proven wrong in its past investments. This fallacy occurs when a person is reluctant to abandon a strategy or course of action because they have invested heavily in it, even when it is clear that abandonment would be more beneficial. | *'''[[Sunk Cost Fallacy]]''' - the ego does not like to be proven wrong in its past investments. This fallacy occurs when a person is reluctant to abandon a strategy or course of action because they have invested heavily in it, even when it is clear that abandonment would be more beneficial. | ||
*[[Loss Aversion Bias|'''Loss Aversion Bias''']] - the pain of losing is psychologically about twice as powerful as the pleasure of gaining. | *[[Loss Aversion Bias|'''Loss Aversion Bias''']] - the pain of losing is psychologically about twice as powerful as the pleasure of gaining. | ||
=== Temporal Cognitive Biases === | === Temporal Cognitive Biases === | ||