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Extensive medical research has been conducted to establish what are the best conditions for a [[Psychedelic Experience|psychedelic experience]]. Highlighted areas to address include<ref>'''Effects of Setting on Psychedelic Experiences, Therapies, and Outcomes''': A Rapid Scoping Review of the Literature. Chapter in Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · February 2022 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_298 </ref>: | Extensive medical research has been conducted to establish what are the best conditions for a [[Psychedelic Experience|psychedelic experience]]. Highlighted areas to address include<ref>'''Effects of Setting on Psychedelic Experiences, Therapies, and Outcomes''': A Rapid Scoping Review of the Literature. Chapter in Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · February 2022 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_298 </ref>: | ||
* [[File:Effects of music on psychedelic.png|alt=external stimulation and brain|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. By increasing external stimulation there is a narrower effect on the brain.]]'''Music''' - induces relaxation and stress reduction<ref>'''Set and Setting: A Randomized Study of Different Musical Genres in Supporting Psychedelic Therapy'''. ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci. 2021, 4, 2, 472–478, Publication Date:December 29, 2020, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00187</nowiki></ref><ref>'''Music and soulmaking toward a new theory of music therapy.''' Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. Crowe, B. (2004). de Araujo, D., Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G. A., Carvalho, F. M., Sanchez, T. A., Pinto, J. P., et al. (2012). Seeing with the eyes shut: neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion. Hum. Brain Mapp. 33 (11), 2550–2560. doi:10.1002/hbm.21381</ref> whilst giving a time dependent medium for emotional expression<ref>'''“The neuroscience of emotion and music,” in Communicative musicality: exploring the basis of human companionship.''' Panksepp, J., and Trevarthen, C. (2009). Editors S. Malloch, and C. Trevarthen (Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 105–146.</ref>. However, one study has shown that listening to music decreases entropy and can potentially reduce the overall therapeutic effect (see '''Figure 1''')<ref>'''Effects of External Stimulation on Psychedelic State Neurodynamics.''' Mediano, Pedro A., Fernando E. Rosas, Christopher Timmermann, Leor Roseman, David J. Nutt, Amanda Feilding, Mendel Kaelen, et al. 2024. ''ACS Chemical Neuroscience'', January. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00289. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00289</ref>. | * [[File:Effects of music on psychedelic.png|alt=external stimulation and brain|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. By increasing external stimulation there is a narrower effect on the brain.]]'''[[Music and Psychedelic Experiences|Music]]''' - induces relaxation and stress reduction<ref>'''Set and Setting: A Randomized Study of Different Musical Genres in Supporting Psychedelic Therapy'''. ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci. 2021, 4, 2, 472–478, Publication Date:December 29, 2020, <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00187</nowiki></ref><ref>'''Music and soulmaking toward a new theory of music therapy.''' Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. Crowe, B. (2004). de Araujo, D., Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G. A., Carvalho, F. M., Sanchez, T. A., Pinto, J. P., et al. (2012). Seeing with the eyes shut: neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion. Hum. Brain Mapp. 33 (11), 2550–2560. doi:10.1002/hbm.21381</ref> whilst giving a time dependent medium for emotional expression<ref>'''“The neuroscience of emotion and music,” in Communicative musicality: exploring the basis of human companionship.''' Panksepp, J., and Trevarthen, C. (2009). Editors S. Malloch, and C. Trevarthen (Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 105–146.</ref>. However, one study has shown that listening to music decreases entropy and can potentially reduce the overall therapeutic effect (see '''Figure 1''')<ref>'''Effects of External Stimulation on Psychedelic State Neurodynamics.''' Mediano, Pedro A., Fernando E. Rosas, Christopher Timmermann, Leor Roseman, David J. Nutt, Amanda Feilding, Mendel Kaelen, et al. 2024. ''ACS Chemical Neuroscience'', January. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00289. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00289</ref>. | ||
* '''Lighting''' - most prefer psychedelic sessions at night and some it strange to start a ceremony at midday<ref>The Evolved Psychology of Psychedelic Set and Setting: Inferences Regarding the Roles of Shamanism and Entheogenic Ecopsychology. Front. Pharmacol., Published 23 February 2021, Sec. Ethnopharmacology. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.619890</nowiki></ref>. It has been found that using a blindfold to reduce ambient light increases the intensity of the psychedelic experience<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00289#</ref>. | * '''Lighting''' - most prefer psychedelic sessions at night and some it strange to start a ceremony at midday<ref>The Evolved Psychology of Psychedelic Set and Setting: Inferences Regarding the Roles of Shamanism and Entheogenic Ecopsychology. Front. Pharmacol., Published 23 February 2021, Sec. Ethnopharmacology. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.619890</nowiki></ref>. It has been found that using a blindfold to reduce ambient light increases the intensity of the psychedelic experience<ref>https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00289#</ref>. | ||
*'''Physical attributes of the medicine''' - much like placebo, size, colour, smell; all contribute to the effect<ref>'''Set and setting, psychedelics and the placebo response''': An extra-pharmacological perspective on psychopharmacology. Ido Hartogsohn, Journal of Psychopharmacology | *'''Physical attributes of the medicine''' - much like placebo, size, colour, smell; all contribute to the effect<ref>'''Set and setting, psychedelics and the placebo response''': An extra-pharmacological perspective on psychopharmacology. Ido Hartogsohn, Journal of Psychopharmacology | ||