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Psilocybin: Difference between revisions
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== Effects During the [[Psychedelic Experience]] == | == Effects During the [[Psychedelic Experience]] == | ||
[[File:How | [[File:How long does psilocybin last.png|alt=psilocybin effects over time|thumb|'''Figure 2'''. The dynamic of the Psilocybin psychedelic experience.]] | ||
It takes 20-40 minuets for Psilocybin / Psilocin to have an psychological effect after ingestion. The peak of this effect occurs within 60-90 minutes which then subsides substantially (by over 50%) within 180 minutes (see '''Figure 2'''), the entire session can last between 2–6 h<ref name=":0" />. | It takes 20-40 minuets for Psilocybin / Psilocin to have an psychological effect after ingestion. The peak of this effect occurs within 60-90 minutes which then subsides substantially (by over 50%) within 180 minutes (see '''Figure 2'''), the entire session can last between 2–6 h<ref name=":0" />. | ||
The most common short term effects include: | |||
* Altered Perception of Time and Space | |||
* Visual Hallucinations and Changes in Visual Perception | |||
* Emotional Changes | |||
* Altered Thought Processes | |||
* Physical Sensations | |||
* Changes in Motor Skills and Coordination | |||
* Altered Sense of Self: often referred to as "ego dissolution." | |||
[[File:Effects of psilocybin.png|alt=psilocybin effects at different doses.|thumb|'''Figure 3'''. A circular graph plotting the subjective effects of various increasing doses of psilocybin.]] | |||
Whether these effects are experienced is dependent on dosage (see '''Figure 3'''), which at its lowest perceptual dose is around 10µg. | |||
=== Long Term Effects === | === Long Term Effects === | ||
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== Depression Dosage == | == Depression Dosage == | ||
[[File:Psilocybin depression treatment.png|thumb|'''Figure | [[File:Psilocybin depression treatment.png|thumb|'''Figure 4.''' Depression symptom reduction from placebo, low dose and therapeutic dose of psilocybin.]] | ||
Best practice indicates that a body weight derived dosage of psilocybin of 0.3mg / kg or 25mg should be used<ref>'''Pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of oral psilocybin in healthy adults'''. Brown RT, Nicholas CR, Cozzi NV, Gassman MC, Cooper KM, Muller D, et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. (2017) 56:1543–54. </ref>. In the realm of [[magic mushrooms]] this is approximately 2.5 grams of dried ''Psilocybe cubensis''. This dose is given as follows: | Best practice indicates that a body weight derived dosage of psilocybin of 0.3mg / kg or 25mg should be used<ref>'''Pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of oral psilocybin in healthy adults'''. Brown RT, Nicholas CR, Cozzi NV, Gassman MC, Cooper KM, Muller D, et al. Clin Pharmacokinet. (2017) 56:1543–54. </ref>. In the realm of [[magic mushrooms]] this is approximately 2.5 grams of dried ''Psilocybe cubensis''. This dose is given as follows: | ||
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6. '''Day 9''': 90 minute integration session. | 6. '''Day 9''': 90 minute integration session. | ||
These standard doses has been found to have substantially better clinical outcomes than lower doses such 10mg or microdosing<ref>'''Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression'''. Guy M. Goodwin. First published November 3, 2022. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1637-1648. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206443. Accessed on 5th November via <nowiki>https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2206443</nowiki></ref> (see '''Figure | These standard doses has been found to have substantially better clinical outcomes than lower doses such 10mg or microdosing<ref>'''Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression'''. Guy M. Goodwin. First published November 3, 2022. N Engl J Med 2022; 387:1637-1648. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206443. Accessed on 5th November via <nowiki>https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2206443</nowiki></ref> (see '''Figure 4'''). This equates to 10–20µg l–1 psilocin in plasma, which corresponds to ~60% occupancy of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors in the neocortex of humans.<ref name=":0">'''Psychedelic effects of psilocybin correlate with serotonin 2A receptor occupancy and plasma psilocin levels'''. MK Madsen Neuropsychopharmacology, first published 2019. Accessed on 5th November 2022 via https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-019-0324-9</ref> | ||
A heroic dose, which is usually reserved for experienced psychedelic users is considered to be at the upper end of the dosage spectrum — typically around or more than 5 grams of dried psilocybin mushrooms or anywhere from 25 to 40 mg of pure psilocybin. | A heroic dose, which is usually reserved for experienced psychedelic users is considered to be at the upper end of the dosage spectrum — typically around or more than 5 grams of dried psilocybin mushrooms or anywhere from 25 to 40 mg of pure psilocybin. | ||