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MDMA: Difference between revisions
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[[File:MDMA.jpg|alt=Ecstasy|thumb|'''Figure 1.''' MDMA in pill form, aka Ecstasy]] | [[File:MDMA.jpg|alt=Ecstasy|thumb|'''Figure 1.''' MDMA in pill form, aka Ecstasy]] | ||
'''MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy or Molly, is a synthetic drug that induces both amphetamine-like stimulation and mild [[hallucinations]].''' MDMA has | '''MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy or Molly, is a synthetic drug that induces both amphetamine-like stimulation and mild [[hallucinations]].''' MDMA has demonstrated efficacy of in treating PTSD, it is thought by a process known as [[Fear Memory Extinction|fear memory extinction]]. | ||
== Clinical Dosage == | == Clinical Dosage == | ||
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== Effects == | == Effects == | ||
[[File:MDMA Time Effect Curve.png|alt=The dynamic of an MDMA trip is not linear, it takes effect at 30-45 minutes and peaks at 2 hours.|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. MDMA TIme-Effect Curve]] | [[File:MDMA Time Effect Curve.png|alt=The dynamic of an MDMA trip is not linear, it takes effect at 30-45 minutes and peaks at 2 hours.|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. MDMA TIme-Effect Curve]] | ||
When taken orally, MDMA starts to take effect in about 30 to 45 minutes, with its impact lasting between three to six hours. This medication offers a gentler experience compared to [[psychedelics]] and is known to foster feelings of empathy. | |||
MDMA aids in enhancing understanding and management of emotions and coping mechanisms, primarily by augmenting fear extinction. This results in a changed perspective and better processing of traumatic memories. Furthermore, MDMA can modulate fear memory reconsolidation, potentially through effects on oxytocin, and improve social behaviors, as observed in animal studies. | |||
=== MDMA can aid sexual relationships === | === MDMA can aid sexual relationships === | ||
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There is a wide amount of anecdotal evidence and some scientific evidence<ref>'''Safety pharmacology of acute MDMA administration in healthy subjects.''' J Psychopharmacol 31: 576–588. Vizeli P, Liechti ME. (2017) Accessed on 20 Nov 2023 via https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28443695/</ref><ref>'''Gender differences in the subjective effects of MDMA.''' Liechti ME, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX. (2001) Psychopharmacology 154: 161–168. Accessed on 20 Nov 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11314678/</ref> to suggest that after using MDMA there is an emotional comedown reported colloquially as "''Blue Mondays''". However, a recent, low powered study found that there was little evidence for this<ref>'''Debunking the myth of 'Blue Mondays': No evidence of affect drop after taking clinical MDMA.''' J Psychopharmacol. 2022 Mar;36(3):360-367. doi: 10.1177/02698811211055809. Epub 2021 Dec 13. . Ben Sessa, Jacob S Aday, Steve O'Brien, H Valerie Curran, Fiona Measham, Laurie Higbed, David J Nutt. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34894842/</ref>. | There is a wide amount of anecdotal evidence and some scientific evidence<ref>'''Safety pharmacology of acute MDMA administration in healthy subjects.''' J Psychopharmacol 31: 576–588. Vizeli P, Liechti ME. (2017) Accessed on 20 Nov 2023 via https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28443695/</ref><ref>'''Gender differences in the subjective effects of MDMA.''' Liechti ME, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX. (2001) Psychopharmacology 154: 161–168. Accessed on 20 Nov 2023: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11314678/</ref> to suggest that after using MDMA there is an emotional comedown reported colloquially as "''Blue Mondays''". However, a recent, low powered study found that there was little evidence for this<ref>'''Debunking the myth of 'Blue Mondays': No evidence of affect drop after taking clinical MDMA.''' J Psychopharmacol. 2022 Mar;36(3):360-367. doi: 10.1177/02698811211055809. Epub 2021 Dec 13. . Ben Sessa, Jacob S Aday, Steve O'Brien, H Valerie Curran, Fiona Measham, Laurie Higbed, David J Nutt. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34894842/</ref>. | ||
== | == Coadministration == | ||
It is thought that the effects of MDMA might be further potentiated by administration with [[psilocybin]] termed a [[Hippie Flip|hippie flip]]. Therapeutically, MDMA is often used first in order to build the therapeutic alliance and increase the patient’s openness to change, leading to enhanced resilience and lowered stress levels. Once further changes were noticed, such as improved self-regulation, less negative self-perception, and increased tolerance to trauma exposure, a [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] such as [[psilocybin]] was introduced to assist psychotherapy. The deepening of the therapeutic process led to improvement per clinical judgment, without adverse events.<ref>'''Therapeutic role of psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in trauma: A literature review.''' Fonseka LN, Woo BK. World J Psychiatry. 2023 May 19;13(5):182-190. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.182. PMID: 37303932; PMCID: PMC10251361.</ref> | It is thought that the effects of MDMA might be further potentiated by administration with [[psilocybin]] termed a [[Hippie Flip|hippie flip]]<ref>'''Co-use of MDMA with psilocybin/LSD may buffer against challenging experiences and enhance positive experiences'''. Zeifman, R. J., Kettner, H., Pagni, B. A., Mallard, A., Roberts, D. E., Erritzoe, D., Ross, S., & L., R. (2023). ''Scientific Reports'', ''13''(1), 1-11. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-40856-5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40856-5]</ref>. Therapeutically, MDMA is often used first in order to build the therapeutic alliance and increase the patient’s openness to change, leading to enhanced resilience and lowered stress levels. Once further changes were noticed, such as improved self-regulation, less negative self-perception, and increased tolerance to trauma exposure, a [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] such as [[psilocybin]] was introduced to assist psychotherapy. The deepening of the therapeutic process led to improvement per clinical judgment, without adverse events.<ref>'''Therapeutic role of psilocybin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in trauma: A literature review.''' Fonseka LN, Woo BK. World J Psychiatry. 2023 May 19;13(5):182-190. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v13.i5.182. PMID: 37303932; PMCID: PMC10251361.</ref> | ||
'''References''' | '''References''' | ||