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Depression: Difference between revisions
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=== Relapse === | === Relapse === | ||
People who have recovered from an episode of depression (whether spontaneously or following the provision of treatment) are at an increased risk of becoming depressed again in the future. This risk can be as high as 60% for people who have experienced one episode, 70% in those who have had two episodes, and 90% in those who have had three previous episodes (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Psychological therapies delivered following recovery from depression, including CBT, MBCT, and IPT, may reduce risk of relapse after one year by 22%<ref>'''Can non-pharmacological interventions prevent relapse in adults who have recovered from depression?''' A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review. Volume 39, July 2015, Pages 58-70</ref>. | People who have recovered from an episode of depression (whether spontaneously or following the provision of treatment) are at an increased risk of becoming depressed again in the future. This risk can be as high as 60% for people who have experienced one episode, 70% in those who have had two episodes, and 90% in those who have had three previous episodes (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Psychological therapies delivered following recovery from depression, including CBT, MBCT, and IPT, may reduce risk of relapse after one year by 22%<ref>'''Can non-pharmacological interventions prevent relapse in adults who have recovered from depression?''' A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review. Volume 39, July 2015, Pages 58-70</ref>. | ||
=== Trends === | |||
[[File:Female depression.jpg|alt=Female depression|thumb|'''Figure 2'''. Female depression rates vs men vs race.]] | |||
The prevalence of major depression women is a 1.7-fold greater incidence than in men (see '''Figure 2'''). Studies suggest that the differential risk may primarily stem from biological sex differences and depend less on race, culture, diet, education and numerous other potentially confounding social and economic factors<ref>'''Why is depression more prevalent in women?''' J Psychiatry Neurosci; 40(4): 219–221. doi: 10.1503/jpn.150205 PMCID: PMC4478054PMID: 26107348. Published 2015 Jul. Accessed 8 May 2023 via: <nowiki>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4478054/</nowiki></ref>. There is no conclusive proof that the prevalence of depression is higher in nations where women's socioeconomic standing is noticeably lower than men's than in nations where there may be more equality.<ref>'''Country- and individual-level socioeconomic determinants of depression: multilevel cross-national comparison.''' Br J Psychiatry. 2013;202:195–203. Rai D, Zitko P, Jones K, et al. Published Jan 2018, accessed on 8 May 2023 via https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/country-and-individuallevel-socioeconomic-determinants-of-depression-multilevel-crossnational-comparison/BF4C391FE529178EFF83D8EAED77C138</ref> | |||
'''References''' | '''References''' | ||