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Pivotal Mental States: Difference between revisions
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===Electroconvulsive Therapy=== | ===Electroconvulsive Therapy=== | ||
[[Electroconvulsive Therapy|Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)]] is a technique used in modern medicine to help cure treatment resistant depression (TRD) patients. Research has shown that 64% to 87% of patients with severe TRD respond to ECT, with response rates as high as 95% for patients that have accompanying psychotic features<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193538/</ref>. There is some evidence to suggest that ECT causes similar long and short term effects to [[psychedelics]] in some in vivo case studies<ref>Psychotic symptoms as a complication of electroconvulsive therapy – a case report Anna Antosik-Wójcińska, Magdalena Chojnacka, Łukasz Święcicki Affective Disorders Unit, Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw</ref><ref>'''ECT associated musical hallucinations in an elderly patient''': a case report. ''Ann Gen Psychiatry'' 5, 10 (2006). Janakiraman, R., Wildgoose, K. & Seelam, K. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-5-10</nowiki></ref><ref>'''LSD-Like Flashbacks Associated with ECT'''. Convuls Ther. Russ MJ, Gold JM. . 1987;3(4):296-301. PMID: 11940932. Accessed on 4th July 2022 via: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11940932/</ref>. | [[Electroconvulsive Therapy|Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)]] is a technique used in modern medicine to help cure treatment resistant depression (TRD) patients. Research has shown that 64% to 87% of patients with severe TRD respond to ECT, with response rates as high as 95% for patients that have accompanying psychotic features<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4193538/</ref>. There is some evidence to suggest that ECT causes similar long and short term effects to [[psychedelics]] in some in vivo case studies<ref>'''Psychotic symptoms as a complication of electroconvulsive therapy – a case report'''. Anna Antosik-Wójcińska, Magdalena Chojnacka, Łukasz Święcicki Affective Disorders Unit, Second Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw</ref><ref>'''ECT associated musical hallucinations in an elderly patient''': a case report. ''Ann Gen Psychiatry'' 5, 10 (2006). Janakiraman, R., Wildgoose, K. & Seelam, K. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-859X-5-10</nowiki></ref><ref>'''LSD-Like Flashbacks Associated with ECT'''. Convuls Ther. Russ MJ, Gold JM. . 1987;3(4):296-301. PMID: 11940932. Accessed on 4th July 2022 via: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11940932/</ref>. | ||
=== Overview Effect === | === Overview Effect === | ||
Astronauts looking back at Earth with the naked eye often suddenly get an overwhelming responsibility to protect it. When they see only a fine blue line of atmosphere that shelters our only planet from the hostile vacuum of space, national borders disappear; and the scene often evokes a feeling of cosmic connection. This so-called “''overview effect''” has been turning astronauts into environmental advocates ever since the first person in space. | Astronauts looking back at Earth with the naked eye often suddenly get an overwhelming responsibility to protect it. When they see only a fine blue line of atmosphere that shelters our only planet from the hostile vacuum of space, national borders disappear; and the scene often evokes a feeling of cosmic connection. This so-called “''overview effect''” has been turning astronauts into environmental advocates ever since the first person in space. | ||
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===Spiritual experiences=== | ===Spiritual experiences=== | ||
Whilst unproven scientifically, (it would be very difficult due to the subjective nature) spiritual experiences have been shown to shift modes of general thought patterns. Pharmacologically the human brain has been found to produce endogenous psychedelic compounds (DMT)<ref>'''N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function'''. Front Neurosci. 2018; 12: 536. Published online 2018 Aug 6. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00536. Accessed on 24th September via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6088236</ref>, some believe that certain techniques may be helpful in unleashing its effect: | Whilst unproven scientifically, (it would be very difficult due to the subjective nature) spiritual experiences have been shown to shift modes of general thought patterns. Pharmacologically the human brain has been found to produce endogenous psychedelic compounds (DMT)<ref>'''N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function'''. Front Neurosci. 2018; 12: 536. Published online 2018 Aug 6. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00536. Accessed on 24th September via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6088236</ref>, some believe that certain techniques may be helpful in unleashing its effect: | ||
*'''Holotropic breathing techniques'''<ref>https://maps.org/news-letters/v23n1/v23n1_24-27.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353/full</ref> - 30 minutes breathing in a controlled, three-beat pattern — one sharp breath into my belly, one sharp breath into my lungs, and a sigh-like exhale to release.<hr> | *'''Holotropic breathing techniques'''<ref>https://maps.org/news-letters/v23n1/v23n1_24-27.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2018.00353/full</ref> - 30 minutes breathing in a controlled, three-beat pattern — one sharp breath into my belly, one sharp breath into my lungs, and a sigh-like exhale to release. | ||
=== Subspace === | |||
There is some evidence in the scientific literature that a sexual practice of inducing ''subspace'' can induce PiMs<ref>'''No Pain, No Gain?: Therapeutic and Relational Benefits of Subspace in BDSM Contexts'''. Dulcinea Pitagora, PhD, LCSW, CST. Published 2017, Psychology, Journal of Positive Sexuality. Accessed on 11 Jan via: https://www.academia.edu/35126571/No_Pain_No_Gain_Therapeutic_and_Relational_Benefits_of_Subspace_in_BDSM_Contexts</ref><ref>'''Bondage-Discipline, Dominance-Submission and Sadomasochism (BDSM) From an Integrative Biopsychosocial Perspective: A Systematic Review'''. Nele De Neef, MD, Violette Coppens, PhD, Wim Huys, MSc and Manuel Morrens, MD, PhD. Accessed on 11 Jan 2023 via: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6525106/</ref>.The term subspace is used to describe a psychological state of mind that some people may experience during or after participating in BDSM activities. Subspace is described as a feeling of floating or detachment from reality, and can be accompanied by feelings of euphoria, tranquility, or disassociation. <hr> | |||
'''References''' | '''References''' | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||