2,855
edits
Magic mushrooms: Difference between revisions
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Magic mushroom Compounds.jpg|alt=Magic mushroom Compounds|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. Compounds found within magic mushrooms.]]'''The term ''Magic Mushroom'' often | [[File:Magic mushroom Compounds.jpg|alt=Magic mushroom Compounds|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. Compounds found within magic mushrooms.]]'''The term ''Magic Mushroom'' often refers to [[Medicinal Mushrooms|medicinal mushrooms]] however, more often than not the term specifically references [[psilocybin]] mushrooms which have been used as [[Entheogen|entheogens]] for spiritual, religious, and divinatory purposes around the world.''' Whilst these mushrooms are renowned for containing the [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] chemical [[psilocybin]] (a tryptamine) like all phytomedicines they also contain an array of parts of psilocybin and other related psychedelic compounds including phenylethylamines<ref>'''Presence of phenylethylamine in hallucinogenic Psilocybe mushroom: possible role in adverse reactions.''' O Beck , A Helander, C Karlson-Stiber, N Stephansson. DOI: 10.1093/jat/22.1.45. Accessed on 18 Jan 2023 via <nowiki>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9491968/</nowiki></ref> (See '''Figure 1'''). Their [[Legality of Psilocybin Worldwide|legality]] varies across the globe. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
== Species == | == Species == | ||
Magic mushrooms include the biological genera Copelandia, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus, and Psilocybe. | Magic mushrooms include the biological genera Copelandia, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus, and Psilocybe. | ||
== Psychoactive Alkaloids Found in Magic Mushrooms == | |||
Magic mushrooms contain many different psychoactive alkaloids ([[psilocybin]] is just one!) that contribute to the effects, or may be equally hallucinogenic themselves. | |||
=== Baeocystin === | |||
Baeocystin is structurally similar to psilocybin and psilocin, and it’s believed to be one of the main compounds responsible for the effects produced by magic mushrooms. Just like psilocybin is converted to psilocin upon digestion, which a compound our system can recognize and utilize, our bodies also metabolize baeocystin into psilocin. | |||
=== Norbaeocystin === | |||
Norbaeocystin (C10H13N2O4P) is another alkaloid found in magic mushrooms, with characteristics and effects similar to those of baeocystin. Both compounds are derivatives of 4-phosphoryloxytryptamine and analogs of psilocybin, although the former is considered a monomethyl analog, and the latter is a demethyl analog. | |||
=== Norpsilocin === | |||
Norpsilocin (C11H14N2O) was discovered more recently, back in 2017, by Claudius Lenz and his colleagues from Knoll Institute (HKI) in Jena, Germany, also known as the Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology. Lenz’s team isolated norpsilocin from different strains of Psilocybe cubensis. | |||
=== Psilocybin === | === Psilocybin === | ||