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Psychedelics: Difference between revisions
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Whilst the pharmaceutical industry markets that psychedelics can cure everything from obesity to hair loss, in reality there is little evidence that they can treat any other conditions apart from mental health issues. In regards to mental health, psychedelics as a group have a very similar effect<ref name=":0">Holze, F., Ley, L., Müller, F. ''et al.'' Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects. ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' 47, 1180–1187 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01297-2</nowiki></ref><ref>Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Hurwitz E, Griffiths RR. Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Feb;235(2):521-534. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PMID: 29116367; PMCID: PMC6645364.</ref><ref>Comparison of the Reactions Induced by Psilocybin and LSD-25 in Man, From the National Institute of Mental Health, Addiction Research Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Lexington, Kentucky by HARRIS ISBELL 1959</ref>. | Whilst the pharmaceutical industry markets that psychedelics can cure everything from obesity to hair loss, in reality there is little evidence that they can treat any other conditions apart from mental health issues. In regards to mental health, psychedelics as a group have a very similar effect<ref name=":0">Holze, F., Ley, L., Müller, F. ''et al.'' Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects. ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' 47, 1180–1187 (2022). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-022-01297-2</nowiki></ref><ref>Carbonaro TM, Johnson MW, Hurwitz E, Griffiths RR. Double-blind comparison of the two hallucinogens psilocybin and dextromethorphan: similarities and differences in subjective experiences. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Feb;235(2):521-534. doi: 10.1007/s00213-017-4769-4. Epub 2017 Nov 7. PMID: 29116367; PMCID: PMC6645364.</ref><ref>Comparison of the Reactions Induced by Psilocybin and LSD-25 in Man, From the National Institute of Mental Health, Addiction Research Center, U. S. Public Health Service, Lexington, Kentucky by HARRIS ISBELL 1959</ref>. | ||
The is a lot of subjective data (see <nowiki>https://erowid.org/experiences/</nowiki>) suggesting that each psychedelic has an individual nuanced effect. A analysis of 2947 publicly available trip reports concluded: | The is a lot of subjective data (for instance see <nowiki>https://erowid.org/experiences/</nowiki>) suggesting that each psychedelic has an individual nuanced effect. A analysis of 2947 publicly available trip reports concluded: | ||
MDMA experience reports featured an emotionally intensifying profile accompanied by many cognitive process words and dynamic-personal language. In contrast, Ayahuasca and DMT experience reports involved relatively little emotional language, few cognitive process words, increased analytical thinking-associated language, and the most semantic similarity with psychedelic and mystical experience descriptions<ref>Analysis of recreational psychedelic substance use experiences classified by substance. <nowiki>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-022-06062-3</nowiki></ref>. LSD, psilocybin mushroom, and ketamine reports showed only small differences on the emotion-, analytical thinking-, psychedelic, and mystical experience-related language outcomes. Further research has concluded: “Both doses of LSD and the high dose of psilocybin produced qualitatively and quantitatively very similar subjective effects, indicating that alterations of mind that are induced by LSD and psilocybin do not differ beyond the effect duration”<ref name=":0" />. | "MDMA experience reports featured an emotionally intensifying profile accompanied by many cognitive process words and dynamic-personal language. In contrast, Ayahuasca and DMT experience reports involved relatively little emotional language, few cognitive process words, increased analytical thinking-associated language, and the most semantic similarity with psychedelic and mystical experience descriptions<ref>Analysis of recreational psychedelic substance use experiences classified by substance. <nowiki>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-022-06062-3</nowiki></ref>. LSD, psilocybin mushroom, and ketamine reports showed only small differences on the emotion-, analytical thinking-, psychedelic, and mystical experience-related language outcomes. Further research has concluded: “Both doses of LSD and the high dose of psilocybin produced qualitatively and quantitatively very similar subjective effects, indicating that alterations of mind that are induced by LSD and psilocybin do not differ beyond the effect duration”<ref name=":0" />. | ||
For psilocybin, ketamine, mescaline and LSD it has been found that the psychedelic experience have yielded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals values exceeding those of normal waking consciousness. Indicating psychedelic drugs induce ‘''heightened state of consciousness''‘. The scans found the most notable effects in parts of the brain that are known to be important for perceptions, rather than other roles such as language and movement. | For psilocybin, ketamine, mescaline and LSD it has been found that the psychedelic experience have yielded magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals values exceeding those of normal waking consciousness. Indicating psychedelic drugs induce ‘''heightened state of consciousness''‘. The scans found the most notable effects in parts of the brain that are known to be important for perceptions, rather than other roles such as language and movement. | ||