Dunning Kruger effect

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Dunning-Kruger effect, in psychology, is a cognitive bias whereby people with limited knowledge overestimate their own competence relative to the performance of their peers or of people in general[1]. This effect has been found to be more pronounced in people with strong negative attitudes to science[2] and more specifically, men[3].

Hawkings quote
False confidence is a dangerous thing.

The effect is extremely important in society as it gives confidence to people who overestimate their ability.

References

  1. Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments. Kruger, Justin & Dunning, David. (2000). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 77. 1121-34. 10.1037//0022-3514.77.6.1121. Accessed on 25 January 2023 via https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12688660_Unskilled_and_Unaware_of_It_How_Difficulties_in_Recognizing_One's_Own_Incompetence_Lead_to_Inflated_Self-Assessments
  2. People with more extreme attitudes towards science have self-confidence in their understanding of science, even if this is not justified. Cristina Fonseca, Jonathan Pettitt, Alison Woollard, Adam Rutherford, Wendy Bickmore. PLOS Biology. Published: January 24, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001915
  3. Gender Differences in Self-Estimated Intelligence: Exploring the Male Hubris, Female Humility Problem. Front. Psychology 07 February 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.812483

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