MDMA: Difference between revisions

MDMA (view source)

Revision as of 07:59, 7 January 2024

414 bytes added , 07:59, 7 January 2024

m

no edit summary

WikiSysop

Bureaucrats, Interface administrators, Administrators

2,855

edits

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:MDMA.jpg|alt=Ecstasy|thumb|'''Figure 1.''' MDMA in pill form, aka Ecstasy]]
-'''MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy or Molly, is a synthetic empathogen that induces both amphetamine-like stimulation and mild [[hallucinations]].''' MDMA is used clinically in the treatment of PTSD.
+'''MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy or Molly, is a synthetic empathogen that induces both amphetamine-like stimulation and mild [[hallucinations]].''' MDMA is used clinically in the treatment of anxiety, depression and PTSD.
 == Clinical Dosage ==
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ==== Toxicity ====
-Historically there has been one major study showing toxicity of MDMA however it was retracted, this may be a reason why it is often touted as posettially neurotoxicity due to dopamine overload. However, a long term study has shown that there is little evidence of decreased cognitive performance in ecstasy users, save for poorer strategic-self-regulation, possibly reflecting increased impulsivity<ref>'''Residual neurocognitive features of long-term ecstasy users with minimal exposure to other drugs.''' Addiction. Halpern JH, Sherwood AR, Hudson JI, Gruber S, Kozin D, Pope HG Jr.  2011 Apr;106(4):777-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03252.x. Epub 2011 Feb 15. PMID: 21205042; PMCID: PMC3053129.</ref>.
+Historically, there was a significant study that suggested MDMA (ecstasy) was toxic. However, this study was later retracted. Despite this retraction, MDMA is still commonly believed to be potentially neurotoxic, potentially causing an overload of dopamine in the brain. Yet, according to a long-term study, there's little proof of any decline in cognitive abilities in people who use ecstasy, except for a noted decrease in strategic self-regulation. This could indicate a tendency towards increased impulsivity in users.<ref>'''Residual neurocognitive features of long-term ecstasy users with minimal exposure to other drugs.''' Addiction. Halpern JH, Sherwood AR, Hudson JI, Gruber S, Kozin D, Pope HG Jr.  2011 Apr;106(4):777-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03252.x. Epub 2011 Feb 15. PMID: 21205042; PMCID: PMC3053129.</ref>.
-Co-administration of caffeine profoundly enhances the acute toxicity of MDMA in rats, as manifested by high core body temperature, tachycardia and increased mortality. In addition, co-administration of caffeine enhances the long-term serotonergic neurotoxicity induced by MDMA<ref>'''Caffeine provokes adverse interactions with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') and related psychostimulants: mechanisms and mediators.''' Vanattou-Saïfoudine N, McNamara R, Harkin A.  Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov;167(5):946-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02065.x. PMID: 22671762; PMCID: PMC3492978.</ref>.
+When caffeine is administered alongside MDMA in rats, it significantly increases the immediate toxic effects of MDMA. These effects include elevated core body temperature, rapid heart rate, and a higher death rate. Furthermore, combining caffeine with MDMA also amplifies the long-term damage to the brain's serotonin system caused by MDMA.<ref>'''Caffeine provokes adverse interactions with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') and related psychostimulants: mechanisms and mediators.''' Vanattou-Saïfoudine N, McNamara R, Harkin A.  Br J Pharmacol. 2012 Nov;167(5):946-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02065.x. PMID: 22671762; PMCID: PMC3492978.</ref>.
 == Effects ==
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 === Short Term ===
 [[File:MDMA Time Effect Curve.png|alt=The dynamic of an MDMA trip is not linear, it takes effect at 30-45 minutes and peaks at 2 hours.|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. MDMA Time-Effect Curve]]
-When taken orally, MDMA starts to take effect in about 30 to 45 minutes, with its impact lasting between three to six hours. The experience is often gentler compared to  [[psychedelics]] and is characterised by feelings of enthusiasm, empathy and trust. MDMA is often described as affiliative which is the opposite to dissociative which is and effect often associated with medicines such as [[ketamine]].
+When ingested orally, the effects of MDMA typically begin within 30 to 45 minutes and can last for three to six hours. The experience induced by MDMA is usually milder compared to traditional psychedelics. It is characterized by heightened feelings of excitement, empathy, and a sense of trust. Unlike substances like [[ketamine]], which are known for their dissociative effects, [[MDMA]] is often described as having affiliative properties, promoting a sense of connection and sociability.
 === Long Term ===
-MDMA aids in enhancing understanding and management of emotions and coping mechanisms, primarily by augmenting [[Fear Memory Extinction|fear memory extinction]] and rewiring association to trauma leading to decreased amygdala activation. This results in a changed perspective and better processing of traumatic memories. Furthermore, MDMA can modulate fear memory reconsolidation, potentially through effects on oxytocin or activation of serotonin 5HT1B receptors, and improve social behaviors, as observed in animal studies.
+MDMA has been shown to assist in improving emotional understanding and management, as well as coping strategies. This is primarily due to its ability to enhance the [[Fear Memory Extinction|fear memory extinction]] and alter the brain's association with trauma, resulting in reduced activation of the amygdala. Such changes can lead to a shifted perspective and more effective processing of traumatic experiences. Additionally, MDMA may influence the reconsolidation of fear memories, possibly through its effects on oxytocin or the activation of serotonin 5HT1B receptors. These effects have been observed to enhance social behaviors in animal studies.
 === Other Effects ===
 ==== Interoception ====
-MDMA has been reported to increase interoception, which is the ability to sense and perceive internal bodily sensations, encompassing awareness of various physiological states. This includes recognizing feelings associated with the functioning of internal organs, such as the rhythm of the heart, breathing patterns, feelings of fullness or hunger, and the activities of the autonomic nervous system that are linked to emotional responses. This is controlled by a part of the brain known as the insular cortex which essentially holds a map of the entire body and how it is feeling this is connected to the amygdala and the strength between these two is what is thought as the underlying mechanistic rationale for ptsd.
+MDMA is known to enhance interoception, the ability to sense and perceive internal bodily sensations. This heightened awareness covers a range of physiological states, enabling individuals to more acutely recognize internal sensations. These sensations include the heartbeat, respiratory patterns, and feelings related to hunger or fullness, as well as activities of the autonomic nervous system connected to emotional reactions. The insular cortex, a part of the brain that maintains a comprehensive map of the body's current state, plays a key role in this process. The connection between the insular cortex and the amygdala is believed to be a critical factor in understanding the mechanistic basis of PTSD.
 ==== Sexual Relationships ====

MDMA (view source)

Revision as of 07:59, 7 January 2024

Share your opinion