Microdosing: Difference between revisions

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'''A microdose is a dose of [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] medicine which is sub perceptual in nature, meaning taking the dose does not cause any change in perception / consciousness. A microdose is often defined as approximately one tenth of a [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] dose, repeated every 3-5 days.'''

In the vast majority of human studies [[microdosing]] has been shown to have no effect and even in some have shown negative effects<ref>'''Motives and Side-Effects of Microdosing With Psychedelics Among Users.''' Hutten, N., Mason, N., Dolder, P., & Kuypers, K. (2019). ''International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology'', 22, 426 - 434. [[/~~doi~~.~~org/10~~.~~1093~~/ijnp/~~pyz029|https:/~~/~~doi.org~~/~~10.1093~~/~~ijnp~~/~~pyz029]].~~</ref> such as increased neuroticism<ref>A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics. ''PLoS ONE'', 14. Polito, V., & Stevenson, R. (2018). ~~[[/doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211023|~~https://~~doi~~.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211023]].</ref> or even inducing the potential to cause valvular heart disease. However, an animal study has found that 0.25g [[psilocybin]] (equivalent human dose) increases resilience to stress, lowers compulsive actions, and strengthens cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus<ref>'''Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats''' Kat F. Kiilerich, Joe Lorenz. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02280-z</ref>. Some recent studies have shown that LSD microdosing was found to increase neural complexity<ref>'''Neural complexity is increased after low doses of LSD, but not moderate to high doses of oral THC or methamphetamine'''. Murray, C.H., Frohlich, J., Haggarty, C.J. ''et al.'' ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' (2024). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-024-01809-2</nowiki></ref>, increase in sleep duration<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02900-4</ref> and have an antidepressant effect<ref>'''Molla, H., et al. (2024). "Greater subjective effects of a low dose of LSD in participants with depressed mood."''' Neuropsychopharmacology 49(5): 774-781. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-023-01772-4</ref>.

In the vast majority of human studies [[microdosing]] has been shown to have no effect and even in some have shown negative effects<ref>'''Motives and Side-Effects of Microdosing With Psychedelics Among Users.''' Hutten, N., Mason, N., Dolder, P., & Kuypers, K. (2019). ''International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology'', 22, 426 - 434. https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/22/7/426/5509881</ref> such as increased neuroticism<ref>'''A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics'''. ''PLoS ONE'', 14. Polito, V., & Stevenson, R. (2018). https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0211023.</ref> or even inducing the potential to cause valvular heart disease. However, an animal study has found that 0.25g [[psilocybin]] (equivalent human dose) increases resilience to stress, lowers compulsive actions, and strengthens cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus<ref>'''Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats''' Kat F. Kiilerich, Joe Lorenz. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02280-z</ref>. Some recent studies have shown that LSD microdosing was found to increase neural complexity<ref>'''Neural complexity is increased after low doses of LSD, but not moderate to high doses of oral THC or methamphetamine'''. Murray, C.H., Frohlich, J., Haggarty, C.J. ''et al.'' ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' (2024). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-024-01809-2</nowiki></ref>, increase in sleep duration<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02900-4</ref> and have an antidepressant effect<ref>'''Molla, H., et al. (2024). "Greater subjective effects of a low dose of LSD in participants with depressed mood."''' Neuropsychopharmacology 49(5): 774-781. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-023-01772-4</ref>.

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 '''A microdose is a dose of [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] medicine which is sub perceptual in nature, meaning taking the dose does not cause any change in perception / consciousness. A microdose is often defined as approximately one tenth of a [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] dose, repeated every 3-5 days.'''
-In the vast majority of human studies [[microdosing]] has been shown to have no effect and even in some have shown negative effects<ref>'''Motives and Side-Effects of Microdosing With Psychedelics Among Users.''' Hutten, N., Mason, N., Dolder, P., & Kuypers, K. (2019).  ''International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology'', 22, 426 - 434. [[/doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz029|https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz029]].</ref> such as increased neuroticism<ref>A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics. ''PLoS ONE'', 14. Polito, V., & Stevenson, R. (2018).  [[/doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211023|https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211023]].</ref> or even inducing the potential to cause valvular heart disease. However, an animal study has found that 0.25g [[psilocybin]] (equivalent human dose) increases resilience to stress, lowers compulsive actions, and strengthens cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus<ref>'''Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats''' Kat F. Kiilerich, Joe Lorenz. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02280-z</ref>. Some recent studies have shown that LSD microdosing was found to increase neural complexity<ref>'''Neural complexity is increased after low doses of LSD, but not moderate to high doses of oral THC or methamphetamine'''. Murray, C.H., Frohlich, J., Haggarty, C.J. ''et al.''  ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' (2024). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-024-01809-2</nowiki></ref>, increase in sleep duration<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02900-4</ref> and have an antidepressant effect<ref>'''Molla, H., et al. (2024). "Greater subjective effects of a low dose of LSD in participants with depressed mood."''' Neuropsychopharmacology 49(5): 774-781. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-023-01772-4</ref>.
+In the vast majority of human studies [[microdosing]] has been shown to have no effect and even in some have shown negative effects<ref>'''Motives and Side-Effects of Microdosing With Psychedelics Among Users.''' Hutten, N., Mason, N., Dolder, P., & Kuypers, K. (2019).  ''International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology'', 22, 426 - 434. https://academic.oup.com/ijnp/article/22/7/426/5509881</ref> such as increased neuroticism<ref>'''A systematic study of microdosing psychedelics'''. ''PLoS ONE'', 14. Polito, V., & Stevenson, R. (2018).  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0211023.</ref> or even inducing the potential to cause valvular heart disease. However, an animal study has found that 0.25g [[psilocybin]] (equivalent human dose) increases resilience to stress, lowers compulsive actions, and strengthens cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus<ref>'''Repeated low doses of psilocybin increase resilience to stress, lower compulsive actions, and strengthen cortical connections to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus in rats''' Kat F. Kiilerich, Joe Lorenz. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-023-02280-z</ref>. Some recent studies have shown that LSD microdosing was found to increase neural complexity<ref>'''Neural complexity is increased after low doses of LSD, but not moderate to high doses of oral THC or methamphetamine'''. Murray, C.H., Frohlich, J., Haggarty, C.J. ''et al.''  ''Neuropsychopharmacol.'' (2024). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-024-01809-2</nowiki></ref>, increase in sleep duration<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-024-02900-4</ref> and have an antidepressant effect<ref>'''Molla, H., et al. (2024). "Greater subjective effects of a low dose of LSD in participants with depressed mood."''' Neuropsychopharmacology 49(5): 774-781. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-023-01772-4</ref>.
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