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== '''Part 4''': The Bad Machine ==

[[Corporation|Corporate]] irresponsibility has been known since their inception. When the corporate structure was first invented, the powers that be only allowed them to form for short periods of time after which they would have to be dissolved<ref>'''The Modernization of Corporation Law''', 1920-1940, 11 J. Bus. L. 573 (2009). U. OF PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LAW, Vol. 11:3. Accessed on 22 July 2022 via: <nowiki>https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jbl/vol11/iss3/2</nowiki></ref>. The reason for this limitation on their operational life was that the judiciary feared that as the corporate structure limits liability a whole range of destructive habits might be unleashed with noone to blame. However as corporates became more and more powerful they effectively lobbied for the removal of dissolution controls and became the first semi-autonomous profit generating [[machines]], opening Pandora's box. Today the vast majority of global [[externalities]] ~~(such as emissions)~~ are ~~made by 100 corporations~~.

[[Corporation|Corporate]] irresponsibility has been known since their inception. When the corporate structure was first invented, the powers that be only allowed them to form for short periods of time after which they would have to be dissolved<ref>'''The Modernization of Corporation Law''', 1920-1940, 11 J. Bus. L. 573 (2009). U. OF PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LAW, Vol. 11:3. Accessed on 22 July 2022 via: <nowiki>https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jbl/vol11/iss3/2</nowiki></ref>. The reason for this limitation on their operational life was that the judiciary feared that as the corporate structure limits liability a whole range of destructive habits might be unleashed with noone to blame. However as corporates became more and more powerful they effectively lobbied for the removal of dissolution controls and became the first semi-autonomous profit generating [[machines]], opening Pandora's box. Today the vast majority of global [[externalities]] originate from just 90 corporate entities around the world<ref>'''Just 90 companies are to blame for most climate change'''. First published 25th August 2016, accessed on 17th August 2022 via: https://www.science.org/content/article/just-90-companies-are-blame-most-climate-change-carbon-accountant-says</ref>.

[[File:Fiduciary duty.jpg|alt=Fiduciary duty|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. The profit motive, working its way down the chain via ''fiduciary duty''.]]

Corporate objectives are codified in their founding incorporation statements (ICs) which exhibits as behaviour in its leadership via "''shareholder primacy''". This profit seeking behaviour then propagates through the organisation to staff behaviour via "''fiduciary duty"'' (See '''Figure 1''') ensuring all parts of the system work in the pursuit of financial gain of shareholders. This binding principle gives corporates the traits of an inhuman, unfeeling, [[Machines|machine]]. Furthermore, this structure works as a funnel selectively promoting the worst human traits.

''But why does this happen?'' Corporate objectives are codified in their founding incorporation statements (ICs) which exhibits as behaviour in its leadership via "''shareholder primacy''". This profit seeking behaviour then propagates through the organisation to staff behaviour via "''fiduciary duty"'' (See '''Figure 1''') ensuring all parts of the system work in the pursuit of financial gain of shareholders. This binding principle gives corporates the traits of an inhuman, unfeeling, [[Machines|machine]]. Furthermore, this structure works as a funnel selectively promoting the worst human traits.

Research has found people with narcissistic traits tend to get promoted 39% faster in their progression to CEO and that there are at least three times as many psychopaths in executive or CEO roles than in the overall population<ref>'''The perks of narcissism: Behaving like a star speeds up career advancement to the CEO position'''. The Leadership Quarterly: Published June 2021, accessed 13th July 2022 via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101489</ref>. Psychopaths constitute around 1% of the adult population and 20% of (North American) prison populations, they are reported to be responsible for about 50 % of all serious crimes<ref>'''The core problem of crime in society: Psychopath offenders.''' Socioloski pregled. Radulovic, Danka. (2012). 46. 583-600. DOI: [http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=0085-63201204583R 10.5937/socpreg1204583R]. </ref> potentially due to their lack of empathy. However, unlike psychopaths, a corporation is merely a machine and founding [[heuristics]] can be readily modified.

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 == '''Part 4''': The Bad Machine ==
-[[Corporation|Corporate]] irresponsibility has been known since their inception. When the corporate structure was first invented, the powers that be only allowed them to form for short periods of time after which they would have to be dissolved<ref>'''The Modernization of Corporation Law''', 1920-1940, 11 J. Bus. L. 573 (2009). U. OF PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LAW, Vol. 11:3. Accessed on 22 July 2022 via: <nowiki>https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jbl/vol11/iss3/2</nowiki></ref>. The reason for this limitation on their operational life was that the judiciary feared that as the corporate structure limits liability a whole range of destructive habits might be unleashed with noone to blame. However as corporates became more and more powerful they effectively lobbied for the removal of dissolution controls and became the first semi-autonomous profit generating [[machines]], opening Pandora's box. Today the vast majority of global [[externalities]] (such as emissions) are made by 100 corporations.
+[[Corporation|Corporate]] irresponsibility has been known since their inception. When the corporate structure was first invented, the powers that be only allowed them to form for short periods of time after which they would have to be dissolved<ref>'''The Modernization of Corporation Law''', 1920-1940, 11 J. Bus. L. 573 (2009). U. OF PENNSYLVANIA JOURNAL OF BUSINESS LAW, Vol. 11:3. Accessed on 22 July 2022 via: <nowiki>https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jbl/vol11/iss3/2</nowiki></ref>. The reason for this limitation on their operational life was that the judiciary feared that as the corporate structure limits liability a whole range of destructive habits might be unleashed with noone to blame. However as corporates became more and more powerful they effectively lobbied for the removal of dissolution controls and became the first semi-autonomous profit generating [[machines]], opening Pandora's box. Today the vast majority of global [[externalities]] originate from just 90 corporate entities around the world<ref>'''Just 90 companies are to blame for most climate change'''. First published 25th August 2016, accessed on 17th August 2022 via: https://www.science.org/content/article/just-90-companies-are-blame-most-climate-change-carbon-accountant-says</ref>.
 [[File:Fiduciary duty.jpg|alt=Fiduciary duty|thumb|'''Figure 1'''. The profit motive, working its way down the chain via ''fiduciary duty''.]]
-Corporate objectives are codified in their founding incorporation statements (ICs) which exhibits as behaviour in its leadership via "''shareholder primacy''". This profit seeking behaviour then propagates through the organisation to staff behaviour via "''fiduciary duty"'' (See '''Figure 1''') ensuring all parts of the system work in the pursuit of financial gain of shareholders. This binding principle gives corporates the traits of an inhuman, unfeeling, [[Machines|machine]]. Furthermore, this structure works as a funnel selectively promoting the worst human traits.
+''But why does this happen?'' Corporate objectives are codified in their founding incorporation statements (ICs) which exhibits as behaviour in its leadership via "''shareholder primacy''". This profit seeking behaviour then propagates through the organisation to staff behaviour via "''fiduciary duty"'' (See '''Figure 1''') ensuring all parts of the system work in the pursuit of financial gain of shareholders. This binding principle gives corporates the traits of an inhuman, unfeeling, [[Machines|machine]]. Furthermore, this structure works as a funnel selectively promoting the worst human traits.
 Research has found people with narcissistic traits tend to get promoted 39% faster in their progression to CEO and that there are at least three times as many psychopaths in executive or CEO roles than in the overall population<ref>'''The perks of narcissism: Behaving like a star speeds up career advancement to the CEO position'''. The Leadership Quarterly:  Published June 2021, accessed 13th July 2022 via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101489</ref>. Psychopaths constitute around 1% of the adult population and 20% of (North American) prison populations, they are reported to be responsible for about 50 % of all serious crimes<ref>'''The core problem of crime in society: Psychopath offenders.''' Socioloski pregled. Radulovic, Danka. (2012). 46. 583-600. DOI: [http://scindeks.ceon.rs/Article.aspx?artid=0085-63201204583R 10.5937/socpreg1204583R]. </ref> potentially due to their lack of empathy. However, unlike psychopaths, a corporation is merely a machine and founding [[heuristics]] can be readily modified.

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