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Adverse Psychedelic Effects: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''[[Psychedelics]], like any other medicine can cause adverse effects'''<ref name=":0">'''Adverse effects of psychedelics: From anecdotes and misinformation to systematic science'''. Schlag AK, Aday J, Salam I, Neill JC, Nutt DJ. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2022;36(3):258-272. doi:10.1177/02698811211069100</ref>. These negative effects have been shown to be potentiated by<ref>'''Extended difficulties following the use of psychedelic drugs: A mixed methods study.''' Evans, J., Robinson, O., Argyri, E., Suseelan, S., Murphy-Beiner, A., McAlpine, R., Luke, D., Michelle, K. and Prideaux, E. (2023). ''PLOS ONE'', ''18''(10). [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0293349 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0293349]</ref>: | ||
* Lack of dose knowledge | |||
* Unguided settings | |||
* Pre-existing mental illness | |||
Below is a list of general and then specific potential adverse effects to [[psychedelics]]. | |||
== General Psychedelic Adverse Effects == | == General Psychedelic Adverse Effects == | ||
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=== '''Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder''' === | === '''Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder''' === | ||
Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a rare clinical condition in which patients who have had previous exposure to a hallucinogenic substance continue to experience perceptual distortions months to years after complete cessation of the initial substance use. HPPD is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). | [[Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder]] (HPPD) is a rare clinical condition in which patients who have had previous exposure to a hallucinogenic substance continue to experience perceptual distortions months to years after complete cessation of the initial substance use. HPPD is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). | ||
== | == Specific Psychedelic Adverse Effects == | ||
Each [[Psychedelics|psychedelic]] has its own profile of adverse effects which are often associated with the set and [[setting]] in which they are taken. For instance: | |||
* '''[[LSD]]''': Adverse effects can include increased heart rate and high blood pressure. | |||
* '''[[Psilocybin]]''': Adverse effects can include nausea and vomiting. It may also lead to psychological effects like anxiety and paranoia. | |||
* '''[[DMT]]''': DMT can lead to intense hallucinations, increased heart rate, nausea and vomiting. | |||
* '''[[MDMA]]''': Adverse effects can include can also cause dehydration, hyperthermia, and bruxism (teeth grinding). In some cases, it can lead to more severe effects like hyponatremia (low sodium levels), however many of these effects are associated with the club / rave scene in which it is often taken. | |||
== Psychedelic Adverse Effect Resistance == | == Psychedelic Adverse Effect Resistance == | ||
Age has been found to be negatively correlated with intensity of challenging experience<ref>'''Predicting the Intensity of Psychedelic-Induced Mystical and Challenging Experience in a Healthy Population: An Exploratory Post-Hoc Analysis'''. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023; 19: 2105–2113. Published online 2023 Oct 5. Accessed on 16th October 2023 via https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561760/</ref>. | By taking psychedelics within the correct [[Priming|set]] and [[setting]], many adverse effects can be avoided<ref name=":0" />, however it has been found that there are certain demographics of people Age has been found to be negatively correlated with intensity of challenging experience<ref>'''Predicting the Intensity of Psychedelic-Induced Mystical and Challenging Experience in a Healthy Population: An Exploratory Post-Hoc Analysis'''. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023; 19: 2105–2113. Published online 2023 Oct 5. Accessed on 16th October 2023 via https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10561760/</ref>. People who do NOT score highly on neuroticism as per the ''[https://bigfive-test.com/test big five personality traits]''. | ||
'''References''' | '''References''' | ||