Neurochemistry: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 23:36, 20 November 2022

The word neurochemical is a combination of neuron, the electrical subunit of the brain and chemical which refers to specific interneuron messenger molecules. The reason the brain uses both chemical and electrical systems is that neurons are used for immediate messaging whereas chemicals are used for messages which are slower acting or require a longer duration of action.

Electricity is limited in its action as a messenger as it can only work instantaneously (at the speed of light). Think of the knee jerk response, a closed loop electrical reflex, an input results in instantaneous output. This is useful for immediate danger scenarios and became a prime fitness driver of evolution. However, there comes a point where there is an overload of information from neurons, hence the chemical side evolved enabling slower, more prolonged responses.

Neurotransmitters

Whilst dopamine is one of the most important neurotransmitters in regards to human behaviour, it is only one in a symphony others:

GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter its effects are similar to that of alcohol or benzodiazepines.
Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal, pain perception, executive function, body temperature regulation, and other processes.
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays in fight-or-flight response, increases blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and glucose.
Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a regulatory role in mood, sleep, appetite, body temperature regulation, and other processes.
Histamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal, pain, body temperature regulation, and appetite.

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-Neuro is the electric system which determine the now, as electricity can only move at the speed of light it is restricted to instantaneous arc like responses an example of this is the knee jerk response a closed loop reflex, input results in instantaneous output. However this is not always the best case as there needs to be stimuli then in the absence of a higher cortex some method by which a delayed "intelligent" response is created.[[File:Dopamine carrot stick donkey.png|alt=Dopamine_carrot_stick_donkey|thumb|Dopamine_carrot_stick_donkey]]The method the brain conceived of was to give consciousness, which is that it is immeidately aware of what is now, i.e. the different inputs for the central process, in real time. The awareness travels from different aspects of its environment until it finds ann input which can be dealt with by a specific pre-written pathway in the mind, call this a ''game''.
+[[File:Neurochemistry1.png|alt=Neurochemistry|thumb]]
-A game in effect is a prewritten neural pathway, which given a specific input results in a less than immediate response ending in dopamine. Dopamine is the chemical which makes the flow of the pathway of neural activity. Dopamine is not the reward, it drives the response. For a conscious perspective think of a dog and ball. The dog is running around, its brain is in electrical real time mode looking for something that fits as a stimulus for the triggering of the neural pathway. This trigger maybe food, a ball, a person once the input has been selected or reaches a threshold by which it cannot stop itself the pathway is triggered with dopamine release as its target.
+'''The word neurochemical is a combination of ''neuron,'' the electrical subunit of the brain and ''chemical'' which refers to specific interneuron messenger molecules.''' The reason the brain uses both chemical and electrical systems is that neurons are used for immediate messaging whereas chemicals are used for messages which are slower acting or require a longer duration of action.
-[[File:Dopamine release curve.png|alt=Dopamine release curve|thumb|Dopamine release curve]]
-There are a few molecules which float in your brain which do specific things:
-* Dopamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter. It plays a key role in the functioning of the limbic system, which is involved in emotional function and control. It also is involved in cognitive processes associated with movement, arousal, executive function, body temperature regulation, and pleasure and reward, and other processes.
+Electricity is limited in its action as a messenger as it can only work instantaneously (at the speed of light). Think of the knee jerk response, a closed loop electrical reflex, an input results in instantaneous output. This is useful for immediate danger scenarios and became a prime fitness driver of evolution. However, there comes a point where there is an overload of information from neurons, hence the chemical side evolved enabling slower, more prolonged responses.
-* GABA is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
+== Neurotransmitters ==
-* Norepinephrine, also known as noradrenaline, is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal, pain perception, executive function, body temperature regulation, and other processes.
+Whilst [[dopamine]] is one of the most important neurotransmitters in regards to human behaviour, it is only one in a symphony others:
-* Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays in fight-or-flight response, increases blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and glucose.
-* Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a regulatory role in mood, sleep, appetite, body temperature regulation, and other processes.
-* Histamine is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal, pain, body temperature regulation, and appetite.
-The chemicals listed about work in a complicated symphony to produce human behaviour. In respects to burnzero, the most important is Dopamine...
-== Dopamine ==
+*'''GABA''' is an example of an inhibitory neurotransmitter its effects are similar to that of alcohol or benzodiazepines.
-Dopamine works as a reward chemical. When your dog sees the ball you are about to throw it sets a dopamine dynamic where it craves the neurochemical dopamine but the release of which only occurs in the wanting stage. When the dog actually gets the ball, the ''having'' stage dopamine disappears.<ref>Inquiry (Oslo). Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 Aug 1.
+* '''Norepinephrine''', also known as noradrenaline, is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal, pain perception, executive function, body temperature regulation, and other processes.
+* '''Epinephrine''', also known as adrenaline, is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays in fight-or-flight response, increases blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and glucose.
-Inquiry (Oslo). 2009 Aug 1; 52(4): 378. doi: 10.1080/00201740903087359</ref> The wanting is stronger than having, we persue flow based behaviours on a stock based world.
+* '''[[Serotonin]]''' is a monoamine neurotransmitter that plays a regulatory role in mood, sleep, appetite, body temperature regulation, and other processes.
+* '''Histamine''' is a monoamine neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal, pain, body temperature regulation, and appetite.
-'''Reference'''

Latest revision as of 23:36, 20 November 2022

Neurotransmitters

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