Setting

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Setting refers to a concept created by Timothy Leary[1] which addresses the physical location as to where the psychedelics are experienced. This is opposed to priming which refers to the pre administration mental state. While the concept of priming and setting was born out of psychedelic research it has also been proven useful for researchers who have studied the effects of various stimulants, depressants, and antipsychotics such as alcohol, heroin, methylphenidate (Ritalin), methamphetamine[2], cocaine, and crack cocaine[3]. Essentially, where you take the medicine can affect the action of the medicine, via psychosomatics.

Best Practice setting

Extensive medical research has been conducted to establish what are the best conditions for a psychedelic experience. It has been found that before a psychedelic experience individual needs should primarily be addressed, the most researched of which include disability, race[4] and age. Further research has highlighted other important aspects[5]:

  • Music - induces relaxation and stress reduction[6][7] whilst giving a time dependent medium for emotional expression[8].
  • Singing - Communal singing elicits oxytocin production a neurohormone enhancing social bonding[9].
  • Lighting - most prefer psychedelic sessions at night and would feel it strange to start a ceremony at midday[10].
  • Physical attributes of the medicine - size, colour, smell all contribute to the effect[11].

Setting Modulation

Once the basics as above have been covered, it is possible to experiment on an individual basis, below is a list of Psychedelic Visualisation Modulators which can be used to explore the psychedelic effect on the visual field.

Psychedelic Visualisation Modulators

Link Summary Settings Interactive
Hop Along A never ending orbits visualizer. Use keys and mouse to increase speed and angle Yes Yes
Strobe Stare at the middle for 30 seconds for to experience an optical illusion No No
Weavesilk Generate art Yes Yes
Balls demo Colorful balls that follow your mouse (Enable fullscreen for best effect) Yes Yes
Chromoscope Explore the Milky Way in various wavelengths Yes Yes
Particle Dream Particle visualization with many options Yes Yes
Cosmic Symbolism Never ending cosmic zooming experience (click and drag for speed) No Yes
Draw A 3D Mandala Draw a mandala with different colors in 3d Yes Yes
Mr Doob Harmony Make art by sketching with different materials and colors (many more triptoys at the top of the page) Yes Yes
Fluids Colorful physics demonstration of fluid Yes Yes
Water physics Physics demonstration. Move around, drag the ball, ripple the water. Yes Yes
Arkadia Never ending psychedelic forest No No
Puddle Interact with paint-like soundwaves No Yes
A Way To Go Draw lines and walk through a forest while creating music No Yes
Soft Murmur Create your own mix of background noise Yes Yes
MyNoise.net Ambient noise generator with a variety of themes from rain to black holes to busy cafe to kitten purrs. Yes No

References

  1. Constructing drug effects: A history of set and setting. Drug Science, Policy and Law. Ido Hartogsohn First Published January 1, 2017 https://doi.org/10.1177/2050324516683325
  2. Dwyer, R, Moore, D (2013) Enacting multiple methamphetamines: the ontological politics of public discourse and consumer accounts of a drug and its effects. The International Journal on Drug Policy 24(3): 203–211.
  3. Zinberg, NE (1984) Drug, Set, and Setting: The Basis for Controlled Intoxicant Use, 1st ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  4. Race as a component of set and setting: How experiences of race can influence psychedelic experiences. Neitzke-Spruill, L. (2020). Journal of Psychedelic Studies, 4(1), 51–60. doi:10.1556/2054.2019.022
  5. Effects of Setting on Psychedelic Experiences, Therapies, and Outcomes: A Rapid Scoping Review of the Literature. Chapter in Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · February 2022 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_298
  6. Set and Setting: A Randomized Study of Different Musical Genres in Supporting Psychedelic Therapy. ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci. 2021, 4, 2, 472–478, Publication Date:December 29, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsptsci.0c00187
  7. Music and soulmaking toward a new theory of music therapy. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. Crowe, B. (2004). de Araujo, D., Ribeiro, S., Cecchi, G. A., Carvalho, F. M., Sanchez, T. A., Pinto, J. P., et al. (2012). Seeing with the eyes shut: neural basis of enhanced imagery following ayahuasca ingestion. Hum. Brain Mapp. 33 (11), 2550–2560. doi:10.1002/hbm.21381
  8. “The neuroscience of emotion and music,” in Communicative musicality: exploring the basis of human companionship. Panksepp, J., and Trevarthen, C. (2009). Editors S. Malloch, and C. Trevarthen (Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 105–146.
  9. What’s missing from the scientific study of religion? Dunbar, R. (2017). Religion, Brain Behav. 7 (4), 349–353. doi:10.1080/2153599X.2016.1249927
  10. The Evolved Psychology of Psychedelic Set and Setting: Inferences Regarding the Roles of Shamanism and Entheogenic Ecopsychology. Front. Pharmacol., Published 23 February 2021, Sec. Ethnopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.619890
  11. Set and setting, psychedelics and the placebo response: An extra-pharmacological perspective on psychopharmacology. Ido Hartogsohn, Journal of Psychopharmacology 2016. DOI: 10.1177/0269881116677852.

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